LITHIUM-ION BATTERY MATERIALS: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW

Lithium-ion batteries lead the market for portable electronics due to their high energy density, long cycle life, and relatively low self-discharge rate. Nevertheless, the demand for lithium-ion batteries in emerging applications such as electric vehicles and grid storage has placed increased pressure on the supply chain of vital battery materials.

Titanium deposition is a widely utilized process for producing high-performance coatings across various industries. The procedure entails a high-powered magnetic field to eject titanium atoms from a target, which then deposit onto a substrate surface. The resulting layer exhibits remarkable properties such as robust attachment, increased strength,